Every cross-cultural framework has blind spots. Schwartz measures four cultural dimensions that have no equivalent in Hofstede or GLOBE. If you are working without them, you are missing a significant portion of the cross-cultural picture — and in some pairings, the most operationally significant gaps in the entire analysis.
Geert Hofstede spent decades researching one question: do people from different countries think and behave differently in professional contexts in ways that are systematic, measurable, and predictable? His answer — developed through surveys of over 100,000 IBM employees across more than 50 countries — was an unambiguous yes.
The result is the most widely cited framework in cross-cultural management research. Six dimensions. Numerical scores for over 90 countries. But knowing the framework exists and knowing how to use it are different things. This post explains what Hofstede's six dimensions actually measure — and how the Cross-Cultural Leadership Compass translates them into specific, situational leadership guidance.

